by Jonathan Pile (c) 2017
Book soon to be published in 2018 on Amazon.com
Robin Hood was a Yorkshireman. He took refuge in the famous forest of Barnsdale, and lived there for 22 years. He ambushed corrupt bishops, gave money to a needy knight and led a band of outlaws. But where exactly is Barnsdale ? And what is it's role in History.
Everyone thinks that
they know the story of Robin Hood. A legendary Southern Earl who
fought Bad King John and lived as an Outlaw in Sherwood Forest to be
pardoned by Good King Richard. As many of us know that is a Tudor
corruption of the story to make Robin Hood less of a rebellious
Northern Folk Hero and more part of the mainstream narrative of the
English Story. Thanks to the Yorkshire Antiquarian the Reverend
Hunter we now know that Robin Hood was a real person who lived in
Yorkshire, not Nottinghamshire. He was a Yeoman, son of a forester.
He visited Sherwood and Cumbria but he was born, lived and died a
hunted Outlaw but a free man in Yorkshire.
Barnsley and Barnsdale
It seems that no-one has ever made a connection between the name Barnsdale (Bernysdale) and Barnsley (Berneslai) only 8 miles apart ! : The first is the valley of "Beorn or Bear" and the second the "clearing in the wood of Beorn or Bear". I suggest that Barnsdale Forest stretches to Barnsley (and beyond) and that the river valley that Barnsdale describes is actually the Dearne Valley.
The Famous Forest of Barnsdale
When Roman Emperor
Julius Caesar first invaded Britain in 55BC he .exclaimed that
Britain was “one horrible forest” The Forestry Commission
estimate that the Holocene Wildwood was about 60% of Britain in 1000
BC and by the 1066 Norman Conquest it was reduced to 15%. In some
parts of England, the Weald it was 70%. In Scotland the Great
Caledonian Forest was extensive. A similar picture existed in Wales
and the North, especially poor soils too heavy or rocky for the
plough. The Romans cleared trees around roads and forts for
protection from attack, but the dark ages saw reforrestation in parts
of the North to match depopulation.
Robert Hood was born in
Sheffield in the Village of Loxley in about 1290 AD. He moved to
Wakefield with his father Adam Hood, a forrester and he married
Matilda of Woolley at Wragby in 1315. He held the Manor of Wragby and
in 1316 built a 5 room town house at Bichill in Wakefield. He was a
great archer and must have competed in the Butts Archery tournament
held at the Annual Fair in Merrie Wakefield, famous for it's public
houses and festivities around this fair. Robert probably had a family
with Matilda, he could read and write as he attended the school in
Wakefield. Things then took a turn for the worse. In 1317 an
aristocratic feud led to the Earl of Lancaster attacking and taking
Sandal Castle. As reparations he was given Wakefield Manor and Sandal
and Conisburgh Castles. He raises an army against the disliked King
Edward II, including 1,000 archers with 100 from Wakefield, probably
led by Robert Hood. Lancaster assembled his rebel army at Pontefract,
marches south, retreats to Doncaster and while fleeing North is
ambushed at Boroughbridge on March 16th 1322. He is
captured and executed , his lands are forfeit and those of bound by
feudal loyalty also, including Robert Hood who is forced from his
Wakefield Home and Manor House in Wragby. He seeks refuge in the
great forest of Barnsdale. Matilda may have been forced to live with
relatives in Woolley.
Danish Dales,
Anglo-Saxon Valleys
The
Viking Old Norse “dalr” meaning valley is used over Scandinavia.
From this word comes Dale, and interestingly the River Names are
Celtic, so Aire is from “Isara” Strong River, Calder meaning
violent,rough water, Derwent from “Derva” Oak, Don from “Dana”
,Celtic Dun = fort, Wen = white, Nan=elm, ard=forest, Chevin= Ridge,
so the Dearne – is similar to Oak. So Barnsdale is the Viking
Valley of the Bernician Angles, whereas the Dearne Valley is the
English valley of Deiran Angles. The Royd also was a clearing in the
woodland.
Bernicia – the
Northern Northumbrian Kingdom
It is suggested that
Bernicia is derived from Briganticia (Brigantes) covering the North,
while the Southern Northumbrian Kingdom of Deira – from the British
Dobriu – the land of many rivers. These conquered Elmet &
Craven in the 7th Century. It is also hypoticated that
this Bernicia
occurs in Old
Welsh poetry
as Bryneich or Brynaich and
in the 9th-century Historia
Brittonum,
(§ 61) as Berneich or Birneich.
This was most likely the name of the native Brittonic kingdom,
whose name was then adopted by the Anglian settlers who rendered it
in Old
english as Bernice or Beornice.
So the Anglian form of Bryneich : a British kingdom of the old North.
So Barnsdale is linked to Bernicia.
Deira (Old
English: Derenrice or Dere)
was a Celtic kingdom first recorded (but much older) by the
Anglo-Saxons in 559AD and lasted til 664 AD. [1] in Northern
England that
was first recorded when Anglian warriors invaded the Derwent Valley
in the third quarter of the fifth century.[2] It
extended from the Humber to
the Tees,
and from the sea to the western edge of the Vale
of York.
It later merged with the kingdom of Bernicia,
its northern neighbour, to form the kingdom of Northumbria.
Bernesdale :The Valley
of the Bear/ Bear-Warrior
That is the Anglo-Saxon
translation for Bernesdale. In Switzerland, the City of Berne is
named for it's worship of the Celtic Bear deity. Historians felt that
Barnsdale was a wooded or heath area of 50 square miles between
Badsworth, Pontefract, Skellow and Wentbridge. However Leyland
describes the Famous forest of Barnsdale, and it is the contention of
this author along with others before that the Forest of Barnsdale
existed as an Anglo-Saxon forest in size rivaling Sherwood in extent,
so vast that it is chronicled that in 1194 that Richard the Lionheart
was hunting a hart in Royal Sherwood who escaped into Barnsdale.
This story from the records of Nottingham Castle of the Hart Royal
identifies that Richard had a proclamation in the Yorkshire
settlement of Tunhill in Barnsdale to protect the Hart. The only
candidate for Tunhill, is Tunhill in Kexbrough near Barnsley, which
shows that in 1194 Barnsdale reached as far South of an enlarged
Sherwood and East of Barnsley.
An alternative version
of this attributes the source and identified Tickhill as where the
proclamation point which places Barnsdale and Sherwood south and
North of established boundaries.
Manwood’s Treatise
of the Forest Laws (1598)
that mentioned Richard
the Lionheart hunting in Sherwood Forest:
“I
have seen many ancient records in the tower of Nottingham
Castle very
badly kept, and scarce legible; in which Castle the Court is usually
kept for Peverill-Fee: Amongst which it appears, that in the year
1194, King Richard being hunting in Sherwood Forest, did chase a hart
out of the forest into Barnsdale into Yorkshire; and because he could
not recover him, he made a proclamation at Tickhill in Yorkshire, and
at several other places thereabout, that no person should kill, hurt
or chase the said Hart; and this was afterwards called a Hart-Royal
Proclaim’d.”
( John Manwood d.1610)
Barnsley, Barnby Dun,
Barnburgh
All of these
Anglo-Saxon settlements share Barnsdale's name yet, no connection has
been made between the names. I contend that in fact the Valley of the
Bear/Bear-Warrior is in fact the Dearne Valley and Went Valleys which
are bordered by the Airedale, Calderdale & Don Valley. There is a
linguistic similarity into Bernedale and Dearnedale, and as Barnsley
lies on the Dearne, and that Barnby Dun (Barnby upon Don) and
Barnburgh all form the boundaries of the Great Forest. Barnsley means
Wood Clearing of the Bear/Bear-Warrior. Now there are two interesting
strands for why the settling Anglo-Saxons would have called this
forest Bear Wood or Bear-Warrior Wood. The Survival of Forest Bears
into Roman times is documented, they were hunted in Scotland and
imported into the Roman Empire but small survival groups may have
lingered in a great forest bordering the Pennines, with plentiful
caves. In Sheffield, Loxley attributed as the Birthplace of Robin
Hood is named after the Lynx which was extinct in England in 1700.
The area of West Yorkshire was a British Kingdom of Elmet until it
finally was subdued. It may well be that the Anglo-Saxon word of
Berne for Bear is more closely and better described by it's Celtic
origin or Artus – or Arthur – Bear-Warrior. It has been recently
suggested that Camelot might have been based at Huddersfield around
the Roman fort of Slack, I would point to the location of Badsworth
being a potential location for the Battle of Badon. But more of King
Arthur later. But the British sub-Roman Kingdom of Elmet might well
have been linked to the Arthur legend and the contested forest area
of Barnsdale might have carried the name of Bear Warrior by the
Anglo-Saxon settlers. Also of interest is Berry Brow near
Huddersfield with it's legend of Deadmanstone. Antiquarians
considered the Huddersfield Iron Age fort at Castle Hill to be either
Camelot or a Brigantian fortress, and the name Huddersfield a
corruption of Uthersfield, Uther Pendragon being the father of
Arthur. There are contenders for King Arthur among the British Kings
of Elmet or British Bernicia, such as Arthwys of Elmet. The Bythronic
name for Arthur is Arto-rig-ios “Bear King”
Barnside in Holmfirth
The Wakefield Court Rolls show that in 1274 this case came from "HOLNE--Richard de Rodes gives 2 s to have license of concord with Elias del Barneside in a complaint that he called him a robber; pledge, Richard the Grave.
Barnside in Holmfirth
The Wakefield Court Rolls show that in 1274 this case came from "HOLNE--Richard de Rodes gives 2 s to have license of concord with Elias del Barneside in a complaint that he called him a robber; pledge, Richard the Grave.
The same Richard de Rodes gives 2 s. to have license of concord with Thomas son of Elias del Barnedeside in the same plea. Same pledge.
Elias del Barnedeside and Thomas his son give 2 s. to have license of concord with Richard de Rodes Same pledge.
William son of William, one of the ilnquiisition presented at the preceding Court, as there appears pays fine of 4 s pledge Richard the Grave.
Presented by Thomas de Fenton, the forester, that a stag was found killed in the forest. An inquisition was held thereupon by the townships of Holne Alstanley, Thwnge and Cartewrth who are on their oath that they know not who is guilty thereof but that they believe that the stag was wounded outside the liberty of the Earl and then entered the liberty, and died of the wound The flesh is putrid."
Barnsdale and Elmet
'This
hilly limestone region, between the Wharfe and the Aire, was once a
great forest of elm-trees. It was the Elmet of remote times...' So
Elmet was indeed an elm forest. The modern Welsh word
for elm is 'llwyfen' ('llwyfanen'). The 'f' in the word was once an
'm', and the 'll' was once a single 'l', giving 'lwymen', a sequence
similar to the Irish Gaelic. But modern Welsh is descended from
Gaulish speech, not from Belgic,
so perhaps the Belgic used a German loan word. Combine the two parts
above and Elmet would mean simply 'elm forest'.
Forested areas under estimated by modern analysts
Modern analysis of woodland coverage largely based on woodland pasture recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book has suggested only 15% forest cover in Medieval England, while analysis of Anglo-Saxon/Danish Placenames mapped with this shows larger coverage in earlier times and perhaps a significant under estimate of woodland cover, only listing woodland that had been put to management. While clearly there had been deforestation of areas relating to specific agriculture in Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman, Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Times, specific soil and Rock deposits which favoured tree cover rather than agriculture means that concentration of woodland landscapes persisted in areas like the Weald, the Chilterns and Barnsdale as well as those protected Royal Forests such as Sherwood. Just as it was a gross simplification to think that Prehistoric Britain was Wildwood, so too a simplification to class all of Medieval England as managed agriculture or managed woodland.
Barnsdale and the Battle of Brunanburh
Historian Michael Wood has identified Robin Hood's Well as the site of the 937 Battle of Brunanburh which he translates as the battle of Bruna's Fort - Bruin being "brown" and linked to "Bear". This most important battle of English History highlights the importance of Barnsdale Forest and the Great North Road (A1) in History.
https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/was-doncaster-lay-by-site-of-a-bloody-battle-that-saved-england-from-the-vikings-1-000-years-ago-1-8869176
Forested areas under estimated by modern analysts
Modern analysis of woodland coverage largely based on woodland pasture recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book has suggested only 15% forest cover in Medieval England, while analysis of Anglo-Saxon/Danish Placenames mapped with this shows larger coverage in earlier times and perhaps a significant under estimate of woodland cover, only listing woodland that had been put to management. While clearly there had been deforestation of areas relating to specific agriculture in Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman, Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Times, specific soil and Rock deposits which favoured tree cover rather than agriculture means that concentration of woodland landscapes persisted in areas like the Weald, the Chilterns and Barnsdale as well as those protected Royal Forests such as Sherwood. Just as it was a gross simplification to think that Prehistoric Britain was Wildwood, so too a simplification to class all of Medieval England as managed agriculture or managed woodland.
Barnsdale and the Battle of Brunanburh
Historian Michael Wood has identified Robin Hood's Well as the site of the 937 Battle of Brunanburh which he translates as the battle of Bruna's Fort - Bruin being "brown" and linked to "Bear". This most important battle of English History highlights the importance of Barnsdale Forest and the Great North Road (A1) in History.
https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/was-doncaster-lay-by-site-of-a-bloody-battle-that-saved-england-from-the-vikings-1-000-years-ago-1-8869176
Just how big was
Barnsdale?
In short at one time
bigger than Sherwood, and once part of a great forest which included
Sherwood. The Antiquarian Writer John Leland did a tour of Yorkshire in 1553 wrote that travelling South of Sherburn in Elmet "along the left hand three miles betwixt Milburne and Ferrybridge I saw the wooded and famous forest of Barnesdale where Robin Hood lived as an outlaw". This puts Barnesdale north of the River Aire, and occupying the forest which the British had called Elmet.
The Southern Limit of Barnsdale in 1194 was as far south at Tickhill Castle, as identified in the chasing of a Stag from Sherwood by Richard the Lionheart.
The Southern Limit of Barnsdale in 1194 was as far south at Tickhill Castle, as identified in the chasing of a Stag from Sherwood by Richard the Lionheart.
I would point to the
Anglo-Saxon settlement names of -Leah which marks a clearing into the
wood, ie a deforrested area cut into a forest.
Barnsdale is marked on
the outskirts by Wolmersley, Whitley, Knottingley, Arksley, Bentley,
Cadeby, Wheatley,Tankersley, Barnsley, Ardsley,Woolley, Midgley,
Emley, Whitley, Shelley, Shepley, Wortley, Wadsley, Loxley, Bramley,
Tinsley, Wickersley. Even these Anglo-Saxon settlements were once
part of the uncleared great forest in Roman and Celtic Britain and
formed part of the pre-neolithic great Wildwood. Certainly at the
time of Robin Hood in 1322, it was much diminished because it lacked
the Royal protection that was granted to Sherwood. But certainly it
ws large enough and wild enough to offer safe haven for an outlaw for
22 years. At Nostell, St Oswald's Wood which gave rise to Nostell Priory is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as having woodland pasture 1 league (3 miles) long and 1 league wide.
In 1086 both Forests were granted to Roger de Busli, who then gave over the Southern portion closest to Nottingham (Sherwood) to be enclosed Royal Forest while Barnsdale was gradually deforrested over the next centuries.
John Leland in 1533 travelling through Yorkshire noted that "betwixt Cawoode and Rotheram be good plenti of wood, yet the people burne much yerth cole, bycawse hit is plentifully found ther, and sold good chepe" while travelling South from Pontefract he noted "From Pontfraict to St. Oswauls, [d] a veri fair and wel buildid howse of chanons, iii. mile be much woddy grounde. Atte St. Oswalds is a mervelus fair conduct of water and castelid hard againe the front of the howse. The soile therabout riche of wood, pasture and corne."
Forests in Henry II Patent Rolls
Further evidence for Barnsdale can be found in the Book the Royal Forests of England which mentions the Wakefield Forest in the reign of Henry II
The Hound Hunting wood ?
The Last Wolf and Wild Boar killed
The last documented Wolf was killed in 1400 at John of Gaunt Hill from Leeds to Pontefract, the last Wild Boar was killed by John of Gaunt at Stye Hill at Rothwell in 1350.
Bernesdale - linked to British Saint Brynach or Irish Druid Warrior Brennach
The Link to the Northern British Kingdom of Brynaich may also have a connection with the 6th Century British Celtic Church Saint Brynach who is linked in Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain to Brennach the Irishman of the North [of Britain] who was given an Eagle, his name being based on the Irish Bernach and may be identified with Fernach the Irish Cheiftain who came from Ireland into Wales. https://tinyurl.com/ya72ajda
In 1086 both Forests were granted to Roger de Busli, who then gave over the Southern portion closest to Nottingham (Sherwood) to be enclosed Royal Forest while Barnsdale was gradually deforrested over the next centuries.
John Leland in 1533 travelling through Yorkshire noted that "betwixt Cawoode and Rotheram be good plenti of wood, yet the people burne much yerth cole, bycawse hit is plentifully found ther, and sold good chepe" while travelling South from Pontefract he noted "From Pontfraict to St. Oswauls, [d] a veri fair and wel buildid howse of chanons, iii. mile be much woddy grounde. Atte St. Oswalds is a mervelus fair conduct of water and castelid hard againe the front of the howse. The soile therabout riche of wood, pasture and corne."
Forests in Henry II Patent Rolls
Further evidence for Barnsdale can be found in the Book the Royal Forests of England which mentions the Wakefield Forest in the reign of Henry II
The Hound Hunting wood ?
The berner (bernarius] was the title of the man in charge of running hounds ;Survey of Game in Forests
In 1538-9, an interesting return was made of all the "kinge his game," both red and fallow, north of the Trent, arranged under counties and parks (Misc. Bks. 77). The parks of the duchy are not included. Nottingham. Bestwood Park . . 700 fallow, 140 red. Clypston Park . . 60 ,, 20 ,, Grynley Park . . 150 ,, Sherwood Forest . . about 1,000 red. Yorkshire. Galtres Forest . . 800 fallow. Haitfeld Chase . . 700 red. Gredling Park . . 60 fallow. Pontefract Park . . 434 ,, Wakefield New Park . 200 ,, Ackworth Park . . 21 ,, Rypax Park . . . 45 ,, Eltoftes Park . . 15 ,, Wakefield Old Park . 40 ,, Conisborough Park . . 440 ,, Raskell Park . . 120 ,, Bristwick Park . . 160 ,, Likenfeld Park . . 429 ,, 76 LATER FOREST HISTORY Yorkshire continued. Calton Park . . 30 fallow. Wressel Park . . 50 ,, Newsome Park . . 72 ,, 17 red. Topcliff Great Park . . 435 ,, Topcliff Little Park . . 247 ,, Spofforth Park . 175 ,, Wensdale Forest . . 610 ,, 60 red. Pickering Forest . . 140 ,, 50 ,,
The Last Wolf and Wild Boar killed
The last documented Wolf was killed in 1400 at John of Gaunt Hill from Leeds to Pontefract, the last Wild Boar was killed by John of Gaunt at Stye Hill at Rothwell in 1350.
Bernesdale - linked to British Saint Brynach or Irish Druid Warrior Brennach
The Link to the Northern British Kingdom of Brynaich may also have a connection with the 6th Century British Celtic Church Saint Brynach who is linked in Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain to Brennach the Irishman of the North [of Britain] who was given an Eagle, his name being based on the Irish Bernach and may be identified with Fernach the Irish Cheiftain who came from Ireland into Wales. https://tinyurl.com/ya72ajda
The Battle of the Trees
In the Welsh poems ,
Gydion the magician wins the battle of Cad Godden through sorcery
getting the trees to win the battle at Caer Venir
Adams Oak
The Giant Oak tree at
Ringston Hill marking the boundary between Brierley and South Kirkby
stood in 1854 with a girth of 27 feet making it 675 years old, and a
tree that Robin Hood would have known traversing to Sherwood Forest
from Barnsdale. This was a notorious meeting place for footpads and
outlaws. In the 1680's the owner of the Inn at the foot of the hill
Adam Hawsworth had his pub sign removed for giving sanctuary to a
highwayman, would be Robin Hood called Nevison in the time of Charles
II.
The Cat and the Man
In Barnburgh, there is
a monument to the Knight who was ambushed by a Lynx in the 15th
Century heavily wooded area around Barnburgh, he managed to kill the
lynx before he died.
Barnsdale's Strategic
Position
Robin Hood was able to
use Barnsdale's Strategic position to prey upon the rich clergy
travelling up and down the Great North Road (A1) but the forest
communities across Barnsdale offered sanctuary. Only the Castles of
Pontefract, Sandall and Conisburgh upheld the Kings Law, along with
Towns like Wakefield. Barnsdale could allow access to Sherwood and
also the Peak District and Pennines and to Inglewood in Cumbria, and
the sea at Robin Hood's Bay. Barnsdale was the location for many
strategic battles , such as Badon in 540, Beranburgh in 936, &
Wakefield in 1460. In all these occasions the ability of the winning
side to hide troops in the forest played a key part in the victory.
The Sherriff of
Nottingham and Yorkshire
At the time of Robin
Hood, events led to the Sherriff of Nottingham having his writ
extended into Yorkshire, much to the resentment of the people of the
Shire.
Hooten Pagnell &
Hooton Roberts, Hooten Leveritt, Hooton Stanton
These Domesday Book villages in the West Riding may have given the surname to Robin Hood to denote his family came from these villages ie Robert of Hooton
Which Robin Hood ?
Archives show a number of people who were called Robert Hode or Robin Hood. We know that by 1377 - the Legend of Robin Hood was a popular working class story to tell. The dating from the Chroniclers places Robin Hood around 1160 or 1220. A Yorkshire record places a Robin Hood in 1225. However the Gest of Robin places him in the Reign of King Edward. If we are to accept that Robin Hood was a champion archer skilled in the Longbow in the reign of Edward, so we have to date him from 1280-1300 or later because the Welsh Longbow was not adopted by the English Army until after the conquest of Wales. So Clearly the Wakefield Robin born in 1290 and listed in the Court Rolls fits this criteria, the strongest. Clearly the Richard the Lionheart and King John story line feeds into the false idea of a Southern aristocratic Robin Hood generated by Anti-Yorkshire, Anti-Catholic Elizabethan Spymaster Playwright who manufactures Robert of Huntingdon. The Golden Age of the Longbow was from 1280-1450, which runs the Reigns of the 3 Edwards 1272-1377.
Robin Hood's Brother ?
The miraculously survived Wakefield Court Rolls stretching from 1274-1925 show that Robert Hood was a Yorkshire man who lived at Wakefield, son of a forrester Adam Hood. He may have had a brother Peter Hode who was fined 12d along with William Whighe at in November 1332 for "shedding the blood of William Capon & Thomas Fogauld" (Wakefield Rolls) while his brother Robert Hode was fined 2d for "not coming to the Town" on 25 October 1331.
Lower Domesday Population levels show Forrestation
By comparing average population counts from the Domesday Book of 1086 with three existing forests of the New Forest, Sherwood Forest and the Chilterns Forest we can see that population levels are comparible with Forested landscapes, in fact Barnsdale at 6.2 households per settlement has a lower level than Sherwood (10.8) & Chilterns (28.1) with only the densely forested New Forest at 5.5 having lower population counts.
These Domesday Book villages in the West Riding may have given the surname to Robin Hood to denote his family came from these villages ie Robert of Hooton
Which Robin Hood ?
Archives show a number of people who were called Robert Hode or Robin Hood. We know that by 1377 - the Legend of Robin Hood was a popular working class story to tell. The dating from the Chroniclers places Robin Hood around 1160 or 1220. A Yorkshire record places a Robin Hood in 1225. However the Gest of Robin places him in the Reign of King Edward. If we are to accept that Robin Hood was a champion archer skilled in the Longbow in the reign of Edward, so we have to date him from 1280-1300 or later because the Welsh Longbow was not adopted by the English Army until after the conquest of Wales. So Clearly the Wakefield Robin born in 1290 and listed in the Court Rolls fits this criteria, the strongest. Clearly the Richard the Lionheart and King John story line feeds into the false idea of a Southern aristocratic Robin Hood generated by Anti-Yorkshire, Anti-Catholic Elizabethan Spymaster Playwright who manufactures Robert of Huntingdon. The Golden Age of the Longbow was from 1280-1450, which runs the Reigns of the 3 Edwards 1272-1377.
Robin Hood's Brother ?
The miraculously survived Wakefield Court Rolls stretching from 1274-1925 show that Robert Hood was a Yorkshire man who lived at Wakefield, son of a forrester Adam Hood. He may have had a brother Peter Hode who was fined 12d along with William Whighe at in November 1332 for "shedding the blood of William Capon & Thomas Fogauld" (Wakefield Rolls) while his brother Robert Hode was fined 2d for "not coming to the Town" on 25 October 1331.
Lower Domesday Population levels show Forrestation
By comparing average population counts from the Domesday Book of 1086 with three existing forests of the New Forest, Sherwood Forest and the Chilterns Forest we can see that population levels are comparible with Forested landscapes, in fact Barnsdale at 6.2 households per settlement has a lower level than Sherwood (10.8) & Chilterns (28.1) with only the densely forested New Forest at 5.5 having lower population counts.
Anglo Saxon Wood names show forrestation
If a population comparison is made between Wooded areas in the Chiltern Hills and Sherwood, the wooded villages in Barnsdale have lower population levels in 1086 than these recognised wooded and Forested areas. For example ; in the Chilterns, Wigginton (12) Pendley (7),Aldbury (15), Wendover (33), Tring (62), Great Missenden (12), Berkhamsted (88), Chesham (59), Amersham (43), High Wycombe (60), Desborough (444), Great Hampden (6), Marlow (107). In Sherwood, Nottingham had a population of 165, while Clipstone (15), Edwinstowe (5), Rufford (10) and Bilsthorpe (19)
Woodland Pasture in the Domesday Book
The Domesday book records many villages in Barnsdale with greater woodland cover than comparible Forest Villages in Sherwood. For example at Nostell Priory in Barnsdale the woodland was measured at stretching from 1 league in length by 1 league in Width. This is double the amount at Edwinstowe which was half a league by half a league.
HS2 and Robin Hood's
Forests in Barnsdale and Sherwood
Now in the Twenty-first
century Robin Hood's communities face a threat from the South that
looks a lot like the Norman Yoke. People forced from their lands,
destruction, taxes and poverty visited upon the yeomanry. Ancient
Woodland which formed part of Barnsdale and Sherwood faces
destruction from High Speed Two which has been moved East to the
Heart of Barnsdale and affects the Western Part of Historic Sherwood.
Once again, the modern Sheriffs of Nottingham are pushing this
unwanted villainy against the common people. The Barnsdale wood of Robin Wood in Robin Lane is directly affected by HS2
The Local importance of
St Helen
There are parish
churches at Barnburgh, Burghwallis, Sandal Magna and Hemsworth
dedicated to this Saint.
Barnsdale and the Battle of Wakefield
In 1460 the famous Wars of Roses Battle of Wakefield at Sandal Castle was in part the result of the remaining forest cover, playing a part - remembered in the rhyme "the grand of duke of York" where Richard Duke of York took his men out of the castle to be ambushed by the Lancastrians who used the forest cover to hide their true strength. An Elizabethan Sketch of Sandal Castle shows the local tree cover.
Mapping Barnsdale from 16th Century Maps
It can be seen from this 1583 map of Yorkshire that the forest south of the River Went was cleared between 1323 and 1583 but that much woodland cover existed between the Went and the Aire and between the Skell and the Dearne/Don. At one time according to report in 1194, Barnsdale and Sherwood were co-joined at Tickhill. These two forests form part of the earlier Celtic Forest of Elmet. Clearly the guesses of antiquarians that Barnsdale was just a small wooded area between Badsworth, Hampole and Wentbridge doesn't begin to do justice to Robin Hood's famous forest and perhaps an earlier Celtic Forest with links to King Arthur of the North.
It can be seen from this 1583 map of Yorkshire that the forest south of the River Went was cleared between 1323 and 1583 but that much woodland cover existed between the Went and the Aire and between the Skell and the Dearne/Don. At one time according to report in 1194, Barnsdale and Sherwood were co-joined at Tickhill. These two forests form part of the earlier Celtic Forest of Elmet. Clearly the guesses of antiquarians that Barnsdale was just a small wooded area between Badsworth, Hampole and Wentbridge doesn't begin to do justice to Robin Hood's famous forest and perhaps an earlier Celtic Forest with links to King Arthur of the North.
The Great Forest of
Barnsdale played a vital part in English History which has been
overlooked by London-centric historians. It not only was the
birthplace and hiding place for Robin Hood and his Merry Men (from
Merry Wakefield) but also the stronghold of the British Resistance in
the North to the invading Angles then Vikings over the Dark Ages. The
Lost King of the North, the Legendary King Arthur was remembered by
the later Germanic and Scandinavian settlers who named the forest in
this honour, taking also the name for the Angle Kingdom of Bernicia.
Great battles were fought at Wakefield and BurghWallis and it may
well be that Badsworth is the fabled Mount Badon where Arthur won his
great victory before defeat at Camlann. But sadly the Great Forest
was not given the protection from the Norman conquerors after 1066,
and unlike Sherwood was gradually deforrested in Tudor Times. While
the real story of Robin Hood was stolen to suit the Tudor political
agenda centred on Southern Power. The wicked Clergy would be
despoiled by the King and the Monasteries destroyed but Barnsdale and
the Arthurian Legend was woven into the Tudor Welsh Rose of Lancaster
and York.
Writers have guessed at Barnsdale size being 15-30 square miles while Sherwood was 250 square miles, in fact perhaps 450 square miles - the core being South of the Aire and Calder and North of the Dearne and the Don. But it did stretch North and South of these rivers too.
Writers have guessed at Barnsdale size being 15-30 square miles while Sherwood was 250 square miles, in fact perhaps 450 square miles - the core being South of the Aire and Calder and North of the Dearne and the Don. But it did stretch North and South of these rivers too.
A very interesting read indeed! I have read many articles and literature on Robin hood and there is information here I've not heard before! I actually live not too far from his purported burial site at kirlees estate mirfield, of which there is much debate as to whether this is is actual resting place! There is a video somewhere on YouTube whereby a psychic senses the presence of a large mans spirit around the alleged grave, they sensed it was a little John, Robin hoods right hand man and lieutenant, they sensed he was angry but pointing away from the alleged grave a few feet or yards away to where is supposed to be his true grave, others believe he is buried down south in a small churchyard,I forget the name. I would love to purchase the information you've so kindly presented if there be a book I can buy!?. Thankou for this! Be strong, be true, be free and be beautiful! Stay safe brother
ReplyDeletesuch a good read. i have long since been a firm believer of the Yorkshire Robbin Hood and quite familier with most of the locations i have personel photographs of many of them.I was quite interested in the Richard lion heart stag piece and Tunhill been linked to Kexbrough could anyone please throw a little light on the exact connection please many thanks in advance Darrell Haywood
ReplyDeleteWe should be careful not blindly accept Hunter's "findings". Holt makes it clear that little hard evidence is available to support the claim that Hood actually existed.
ReplyDeleteMuch has been "spun" from Hunter's unqualified assertions over the years. A lot of it a mix of "a good yarn" and wishful thinking.
There is no evidence that Hood actually existed, either with or without Hunter's work.
He may have existed, but Hunter has not proven it so.
Knottingley...Cnotinesleahemm...Makes me wonder...
ReplyDelete